Beneath voids present a significant challenge in numerous geotechnical applications. These formations can modify the stability of structures, groundwork design, and general ground behavior. Identifying and evaluating these voids is crucial for minimizing potential risks and ensuring the safety of infrastructure projects. Structural engineers uti

Geotechnical engineers play a critical role in recognizing subsurface voids, which present significant challenges to the stability and performance of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various factors, such as geological formations, degradation, or human actions. Utilizing a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysical sur

Subsurface voids pose significant risks to geotechnical integrity. Accurately mapping these voids is essential for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocity analys

Cavity characterization plays a crucial role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity geometry and properties is essential for effectively assessing the potential impact on foundations . Geotechnical engineers utilize diverse techniques to characterize cavities, including exploratory drilling . These methods provide val

Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and assessment of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral presence. These geophysical techniques often involve the measurement o